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Agenda Item - 2024-04-15 503-675-3984 380 A AVENUE PO BOX 369 LAKE OSWEGO, OR 97034 WWW.LAKEOSWEGO.CITY TO: Sustainability Advisory Board FROM: Amanda Watson, Sustainability Program Manager SUBJECT: Citywide EV Charging Strategy DATE: April 5, 2024 (for April 15, 2024 Sustainability Advisory Board meeting) SUMMARY Staff are seeking input on draft elements of a citywide electric vehicle (EV) charging strategy. The EV charging strategy aims to expand equitable access to EV charging infrastructure in Lake Oswego to meet transportation electrification goals in the City’s Sustainability and Climate Action Plan. The EV adoption rate in Oregon currently outpaces the national rate, and EVs make up a higher percentage of light-duty vehicles in Lake Oswego compared with the state as a whole. 1 However, lack of access to convenient and reliable charging is a significant barrier to more widespread adoption of EVs, along with higher upfront costs of electric vehicles and lack of familiarity with the technology. The EV charging strategy will identify charging infrastructure needs and gaps based on current conditions and projected demand and propose actions the City could take to address those gaps, including by identifying opportunities to partner with other organizations and businesses. EV Adoption Goals The Sustainability and Climate Action Plan identifies transportation electrification as an important strategy for reducing transportation emissions in Lake Oswego. The plan sets a goal of increasing EV adoption to 60% of new vehicles sales in 2040, from an estimated 2.5% in 2018. Lake Oswego’s transportation electrification goals are supported by state targets and policies. In 2019, Oregon Senate Bill 1044 adopted zero-emission vehicle (ZEV)2 goals to have at least 250,000 registered ZEVs on Oregon roads by 2025, at least 25% of registered vehicles and 50% of new vehicles sold annually to be ZEVs by 2030, and 2,500,000 registered ZEVs and at least 90% of new vehicle sales to be ZEVs by 2035. In 2022, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality adopted the Advanced Clean Cars II rules requiring all new car sales to be battery electric or plug-in hybrid electric starting in 2035. State Climate-Friendly Equitable Communities rules also require new developments in Oregon with 5 or more residential units to be built with at least 40% of parking spaces ready for charging stations to be installed.3 Page 2 of 5 Current Conditions As of December 31, 2023, there were 2,770 registered EVs in Lake Oswego, representing 7.7% of all light-duty vehicles with active registrations in the city.4 Data from the Alternative Fuels Data Center shows there are currently 45 L2 charging ports and 8 DCFC ports in Lake Oswego that are accessible to the public.5 This includes 10 publicly available charging ports at stations owned by the City of Lake Oswego. The City conducted a public survey in October 2023 seeking to gather information on residents' EV charging habits and needs. Although the survey was not representative, it provided some broad insights that echo findings from national studies.6 For example, over 85% of EV owners in Lake Oswego who responded to the survey charged their vehicle at home, and non-EV owners responded that if they did own an EV they would be most likely to charge their vehicle at home (88%), followed by at a business (32%) or at public charging on the street (28%). Slightly less than half of respondents were dissatisfied with the availability of public charging stations in the city. Projected Charging Needs In 2021, the Oregon Department of Transportation conducted a Transportation Electrification Infrastructure Needs Analysis (TEINA) to identify the EV charging needs and gaps across Oregon.7 The study developed a methodology to determine how many charging ports would be needed to meet the state’s light-duty zero-emission vehicle goals in 2030 and 2035, and a TEINA Dashboard tool that can be used to downscale this analysis to the county and city level. Results from the TEINA Dashboard model for Lake Oswego, in the figures below, show the projected number of charging ports needed by type to meet EV adoption targets of 25% of all registered light- duty vehicles in 2030 and 50% in 2035. The target for 2025 was assumed to be 8%. The model assumes that 90% of EV drivers have access to home charging in 2020, decreasing to 60% by 2035 as public charging becomes more available. TEINA Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure Dashboard – Lake Oswego Results Projected Number of Charging Ports Needed by Type 2020 2025 2030 2035 Workplace L2 14 95 322 700 Public L2 10 66 225 487 DCFC 4 27 90 193 Page 3 of 5 Results from the TEINA Dashboard show that the amount of public charging needs to more than triple by 2030. It is worth noting that current EV adoption rates in Lake Oswego are supported by less than half as many public chargers as the TEINA model would call for. However, additional public charging will be needed to support higher rates of EV charging and to ensure equitable access to charging. Equitable Access to Charging The Oregon Department of Energy’s 2023 Biennial Zero Emission Vehicle Report found single-unit homeownership to be a leading indicator of EV ownership in Oregon. Residents of multifamily buildings and renters are less likely to own electric vehicles. Homeowners are more likely than renters to have the financial resources to afford the upfront cost of an EV, and residents of single- family homes are more likely to have access to convenient, lower cost at-home charging than residents of multifamily buildings. Detached single-family homes currently make up the majority of housing in Lake Oswego (63% of units in 2023 8), which may explain the relatively high EV adoption rate compared with the amount of publicly available charging stations in the city. However, a significant number of community members live in multi-unit dwellings, and this number is likely to grow as the City implements policies to encourage more middle housing. To ensure equitable access to charging infrastructure, the EV charging strategy will need to focus in particular on strategies that increase access for multifamily building residents and renters. Draft Actions for EV Charging Strategy Based on a review of state EV plans and reports, other local government EV readiness plans, and initial discussions with City departments and community partners, staff have developed a draft set of actions for consideration for the EV charging strategy. These are organized below based on the Page 4 of 5 primary role of the City: conducting education and outreach efforts, enabling/facilitating private investment in accessible and convenient charging infrastructure, and directly investing in charging infrastructure. Educate • Conduct targeted outreach and education about benefits and types of charging and available local, state, federal financial incentives for installing charging infrastructure. o For multifamily building owners and residents o For local businesses Enable • Adopt EV-ready policy for new developments, including city capital projects, that requires more charging infrastructure than is required by State rules. • Require developers to provide for EV charging in the right-of-way when a housing project will not provide any parking. • Provide incentives for private businesses, building owners to install publicly available charging stations on their property (explore options such as technical assistance, electrical permit fee reductions). • Develop criteria to identify priority locations for charging infrastructure and guidelines for accessibility, reliability, signage, etc. • Install EV charging wayfinding signage for publicly accessible chargers. • Develop right-of-way charging program that permits businesses to install charging stations in the right-of-way and/or allows residents to extend charging cord from house to curb using a cord cover. Install • Partner with PGE on Electric Avenue charging station and/or pole-mounted charging demonstration project. • Install City-owned stations or contract for charging-as-a-service to provide additional charging at public locations (City facilities, parking lots, right-of-way). Page 5 of 5 Discussion Questions • Do you have feedback on the projected charging needs from the TEINA Dashboard? • Does the analysis of charging gaps in Lake Oswego reflect your understanding? • Do the list of actions to consider adequately address the charging needs and gaps? Are there additional actions you would like the City to consider? Any that you would remove from this list? 1 At the end of 2022, EV market share in Oregon was 12%, compared with 7% nationally. In 2023, EVs made up 2% of registered light-duty vehicles in Oregon. Oregon Department of Energy, 2023 Biennial Zero Emission Vehicle Report https://www.oregon.gov/energy/Data-and-Reports/Documents/2023-Biennial-Zero-Emission-Vehicle- Report.pdf 2 Senate Bill 1044 (2019) defines “Zero emission vehicle” as a battery electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. 3 With electrical service capacity and conduit to support wiring for installation of L2 charging stations; see: Oregon Department of Land Conservation & Development, OAR 660-012-0410 Implementation Guidance, https://www.oregon.gov/lcd/CL/Documents/Guidance0410_EVs.pdf. 4 Data from Oregon Department of Transportation, April 2024. EVs include battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. 5 US Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center, Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Locations – Lake Oswego, OR, https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity- locations#/find/nearest?fuel=ELEC&location=Lake%20Oswego,%20OR, accessed April 2024. 6 Recent national studies include: Plug In America, The Expanding EV Market: Observations in a year of growth, February 2022, https://pluginamerica.org/survey/2022-report/; AAA 2022 consumer survey, https://newsroom.aaa.com/2022/07/americans-reveal-fresh-thoughts-on-electric-vehicles/ . 7 Available online at: https://www.oregon.gov/odot/programs/pages/teina.aspx. 8 City of Lake Oswego Housing Needs Analysis, 2023-2043, https://www.ci.oswego.or.us/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=2624070&dbid=0&repo=CityOfLakeOswego.